Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Project - Assignment Example The contaminants do not necessarily pose health risks however they have significant influence on the quality of the water and its applications. Water is filtered, fluoridated or physically inspected to ensure acceptable quality. The EPA provides regulations and standards of water systems. Drinking water systems can be distinguished into two categories. First, is the public water systems which are under the EPA regulations and the second is private or individual water systems that which are independent of EPA regulations and it’s the owner’s initiative to maintain the quality of water by ensuring it is free of contaminants (CDC, 1). Approximately 286 million American’s are dependent on tap water from public water systems regulated and monitored as per EPA regulations compared 45 million (15%) who rely on privately owned water systems. This clearly indicates a need for continuous and routine assessment of quality. In privately owned water systems the quality and quantity of water through design can be manipulated to meet the owner’s requirements. Properly constructed and maintained wells will provide sufficient, safe water at minimal cost. Dissolve minerals and odors are common problems associated with individual wells, but they quickly diagnosed and managed. Public water systems are associated with a high cost of construction and maintenance of the high demand. The provider regulates the contents according to approved standards and guidelines. Problems are hard to detect and control and in some cases long transport routes have been associated with stale water. Also, the quality of water at source and point of use cannot be determined to be same. Chlorinated water has been reported to mesh with organic materials to form gasses such as trihalomethane. Since the provision of these services is levied, they are associated with an increased cost of living and undesired growth. (Yoder 1). Taste, color, order, staining and fixture in clothes are

Questions to Ask Before You Believe a Pol Essay Example for Free

Questions to Ask Before You Believe a Pol Essay Opinion polls and other sample surveys can produce accurate and useful information if the pollster uses good statistical techniques and also works hard at preparing a sampling frame, wording questions, and reducing nonresponse. Many surveys, however, especially those designed to influence public opinion rather than just record it, do not produce accurate or useful information. Here are some questions to ask before you pay much attention to poll results. †¢Who carried out the survey? Even a political party should hire a professional sample survey firm whose reputation demands that they follow good survey practices. †¢What was the population? That is, whose opinions were being sought? †¢How was the sample selected? Look for mention of random sampling. †¢How large was the sample? Even better, find out both the sample size and the margin of error within which the results of 95% of all samples drawn as this one was would fall. †¢What was the response rate? That is, what percent of the original subjects actually provided information? †¢How were the subjects contacted? By telephone? Mail? Face-to-face interview? †¢When was the survey conducted? Was it just after some event that might have influenced opinion? †¢What were the exact questions asked? Academic survey centers and government statistical offices answer these questions when they announce the results of a sample survey. National opinion polls usually don’t announce their response rate (which is often low) but do give us the other information. Editors and newscasters have the bad habit of cutting out these dull facts and reporting only the sample results. Many sample surveys by interest groups and local newspapers and TV stations don’t answer these questions because their polling methods are in fact unreliable. If a politician, an advertiser, or your local TV station announces the results of a poll without complete information, be skeptical. Even professional sample surveys don’t give exactly correct information about the population. There are many potential sources of error in sampling. The margin of error announced by a sample survey covers only random sampling error, the variation due to chance in choosing a random sample. Other types of error are in addition to the margin of error and can’t be directly measured. Sampling errors come from the act of choosing a sample. Random sampling error and undercoverage are common types of sampling error. Undercoverage occurs when some members of the population are left out of the sampling frame, the list from which the sample is actually chosen. The most serious errors in most careful surveys, however, are non-sampling errors. These have nothing to do with choosing a sample—they are present even in a census. The single biggest problem for sample surveys is nonresponse: subjects can’t be contacted or refuse to answer. Mistakes in handling the data (processing errors) and incorrect answers by respondents (response errors) are other examples of non-sampling errors.

Highly Homogeneous Copper Ferrite Nanoparticles Production

Highly Homogeneous Copper Ferrite Nanoparticles Production SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION A simple and economical route has been prepared for producing three series of highly homogeneous copper ferrite nanoparticles. The ferrite sample was prepared by conventional oxide ceramic method.The ferrite system formed isCuFe2-2yAl2yO4(where y=0.0, 0.05, 0.15 0.25). The effect of aluminum content on structural, electrical and magnetic properties was studied. The microstructural properties of the prepared samples are investigated using X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope, and Infra red absorption spectroscopy.The X-ray diffraction patterns reveal inverse spinel tetragonal structure for all the synthesized samples. The average crystal sizes were calculated using Scheerer formula. The crystal size calculated in the present study is found in the nano range 50nm to 100 nm. For all the synthesized samples, the X- ray density and physical density is found to decrease with increase in Al concentration. The Curie temperature was determined from the susceptibility measurements. It show the phase transition of ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic to paramagnetic substance. The changing Curie temperature values give us the information about the strength of the A-B exchange interactions and the thermal stability of the ferromagnetic characteristics. Below the Curie temperature; the magnetic material shows continuous magnetization. Above the Curie temperature; the magnetic material does not show any magnetization. The Curie temperature is affected by the A-B distance. The Curie temperature decreases with increase in the distance A-B. In the ferromagnetic class Fe3+ ion is having the highest magnetic moment and thus it plays an important role in deciding properties. Therefore Curie temperature is directly linked with Fe3+ ion participating in A-B interaction. The value of Curie temperature is found to be decrease with decrease in Fe3+ ion concenteration.The magnetic susceptibility of the ferrim agnetic materials increase with increase in temperature. At a certain temperature; called Curie temperature (Tc) the material lose its ferrimagnetic nature and become paramagnetic. Sudden drop in magnetic susceptibility is observed at Tc. The electrical properties of ferrites are usually based on the band structure and carrier hoping model. Ferrites have higher resistance than metals by several times. They are also regarded as very structure sensitive material. This created considerable interest in many research workers for the development and potential application of ferrites in the electronic industry. The conductivity of ferrite is greatly influenced by porosity, grain size and microstructure of the sample. It is observed that DC electrical resistivity increases with increasing concentration of Al3+ ions. The activation energies in both ferrimagnetic and paramagnetic region of the composition are determined from the slope of respective lines. Activation energies in ferromagnetic region are found very less than that of a paramagnetic region. These investigated results are in good agreement with reported in literature.For ferromagnetic material ,the activation energy lies in between 0.1 eV to 0.3 eV and for ferromagn etic it is in between 0.3 eV to 0.5 eV. In ionic crystal the dielectric constant decreases rapidly with increasing frequency and then reaches a constant value. It is seen that the value of the dielectric constant is very high at low frequencies and decreases with increasing frequency, then at higher frequency they become almost constant. The electron exchange between Fe+2 and Fe+3 ions cannot follow the change of the external field beyond certain frequency. Due to this fact the dielectric constant dectreases with increase in frequency.The dielectric constant ÃŽ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ and dielectric loss tangent tanÃŽ ´ decreases with increasing frequency for all CuFe2-2yAl2yO4 compositions. It is seen that the value of dielectric constant ÃŽ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ and dielectric loss tangent tanÃŽ ´ increases with addition of Al3+ ions. The decrease in the electrical resistivity at low temperature is attributed to the impurities, which reside at the grain boundaries. The decrease in resistivity with increasing temperature could be attributed to neg ative temperature coefficient of resistance of CuFe2-2yAl2yO4. Therefore it is concluded that aluminum content influences electrical conductivity and microstructure of copper ferrite. The variation of AC resistivity is nearly frequency independent at low frequencies. It is also seen that, the resistivity varies with aluminum content. As the aluminum content increases, the ac resistivity decreases. The behaviour of data indicates that, hoping of charge carrier among localized is more predominant. It is also found that small polarons play a role in the conduction process.The conduction mechanism and dielectric behaviour are found to be strongly colrelated for all the prepared samples. Conclusions: An attempt is made to meet the challenges for the advancements in the new ferrite technology. The variation in the structural, electrical and magneticproperties of spinel copper ferrites introduced by the substitution of aluminum. The obtained results are summarized with following important concluding remarks: †¢ XRD analysis revealed that all the samples have single phase cubic spinel structure. †¢ Crystallite size lied within 50 nm to 100 nm. †¢ All the samples are slightly porous evident from SEM analysis †¢ X-Ray density decreases with increase in Al+3 content. †¢ Physical density decreases with increase in Al+3 content. †¢ Porosity increases with increase in Al+3 content. †¢ Particle size increases with increase in Al+3 content. †¢ Ionic radii RA( Tetrahedral side) increases with increase in Al+3 content. †¢ Ionic radii RB( Octahedral side) increases with increase in Al+3 content. †¢ Ionic bond length A-O decreases with increase in Al+3 content. †¢ Ionic bond length B-O increases with increase in Al+3 content. †¢ Ionic bond length A-O decreases with increase in Al+3 content. †¢ Lattice constant ‘a’ increases with increase in Al+3 content. †¢ Lattice constant ‘c’ decreases with increase in Al+3 content. †¢ Dielectric constant ÃŽ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢decreases with increase in frequency. †¢ Dielectric loss factor ÃŽ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ decreases with increase in frequency. †¢ Loss tangent also decreases with increase in frequency. †¢ A.C. resistivity remains approximately uniform over a wide range of frequency. †¢ D.C. resistivity increases with increase in temperature. †¢ Curie temperature decreases with Al+3 content. †¢ Saturation magnetisation decreases with Al+3 content. †¢ Magnetic moment decreases with Al+3 content. †¢ Retentivity decreases with Al+3 content. †¢ Coercivity decreases with Al+3 content. †¢ The dielectric constant and dielectric loss decreases with the increase in frequencyin all the samples of the four series investigated. †¢ The synthesized nanomaterials possess high saturation magnetization, lowcoercivity and improved room temperature resistivity together with low dielectricloss. †¢ Data obtained demonstrate the ability to tune properties of doped copper-ferrite tomatch intended applications.

The Boeing Company :: PEST SWOT marketing strategy

CONTENTS 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  COMPANY OVERVIEW†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦p.3 to 4 Company’s vision, mission statement and objectives Vision†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦p.3 Boeing- Airbus market share †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..p.4 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  SITUATION ANALYSIS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.p. 5 to 10 PEST analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦p.5 SWOT analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦p.7 Boeing Corporate Culture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦p.10 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  THE BOEING COMPANY MARKETING POLICY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦p.11 to 30 Segmentation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦..p.11 Boeing’s Positioning and Targeting Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.p.12 Buyer behaviour†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦....p.15 Pricing strategy in the Boeing-Airbus duopoly †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. p.16 Analysis of Major Customers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.p.18 Description of Products and Services†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..p.20 The life cycle of Boeing’s commercial airplanes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦p.23 Boeing’s Communication Policy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.p.24 Public Relations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.p.27 Distribution policy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...p.28 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PROCUREMENT AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.p.31 to 34 Brief overview of Boeing’s procurement activity †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.p.31 e-procurement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦p.32 Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦..p.34 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  COMPARISON WITH AIRBUS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦p.35 to 37 Airbus S.A.S brief overview †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.p.35 Reasons behind the Duopoly †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..p.35 Comparison of both Boeing and Airbus strategies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....p.36 Latest commercial disputes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦p.36 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ATTACK AND DEFEND STRATEGIES †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦p.38 Attack strategy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.†¦p.38 Defend strategy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....p.38 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  RECOMMENDATIONS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦p.39 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  APPENDIXES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.p.41 to 45 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  COMPANY OVERVIEW Company’s vision, mission statement and objectives Vision Vision People working together as one global company for aerospace leadership Boeing- The future of flight. Mission To be the number one aerospace company in the world and among the premier industrial concerns in terms of quality, profitability and growth Objectives To achieve the above goals and fulfil Boeing’s mission, the following objectives will guide company: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Continuous improvements in quality of products and processes: Our commitment to steady, long-term improvement in our products and processes is the cornerstone of our business strategy. To achieve this objective, we must work to continuously improve the overall quality of our design, manufacturing, administrative, and support organizations. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A highly skilled and motivated workforce: Our most important resource is our human resource: the people who design and build our products and service our customers. Given the right combination of skills, training, communications, environment, and leadership, we believe our employees will achieve the needed gains in productivity and quality to meet our goals. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Capable and focused management To employ our technical and human resources with optimum efficiency, we must ensure that managers are carefully selected, appropriately trained, and work together to achieve our long-range goals. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Technical excellence In a world of fast-challenging technology, we can only remain competitive by continuously refining and expanding our technical capability. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Financial strength The high-risk, cyclical nature of our business demands a strong financial base. We must retain the capital resources to meet our current commitments and make substantial investments to develop new products and new technology for the future. This objective also requires contingency planning and control to ensure the company is not overextended should a severe economic downturn occur the plan period. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Commitment to integrity Integrity, in the broadest sense, must pervade our actions in all relationships, including those with our customers, suppliers, and each other. This is a commitment to uncompromising values and conduct.

Action of Barbituates

Homework Assignment Chapter 4 Addiction Studies (BHHS) Sherman Howard 1. Describe, the action of Barbiturates. They reduce sensory sensitivity to pleasure or pain. Replace’s the need for sex, food and emotional involvement. 2. Describe the action of benzodiazepines and their withdrawal symptoms. Benzodiazepines are minor tranquilizers; they cause dopamine levels to surge producing a pleasurable sensation. Withdrawal involves seizures, convulsions, and even death. 3. What is the biggest danger with drug synergism when using two depressant drugs? Overdose! 4.What is a paradoxical reaction to tranquilizers? Becoming more active instead of calmer. 5. Why is withdrawal so life threatening for alcohol and the barbiturates? Both can lead to Seizures and death. 6. Who is the hidden addict? An unborn Fetus can be, if the mother is an addict. ______________________________________________________________________________ Part Two: 1. What is the approximate percentage of alcohol in beer? Wine? Whiskey? Beer5% – Wine15% – Whiskey45% 2. What does BAC stand for? Blood Alcohol Concentration. 3. Describe the processing of alcohol from digestion to absorption. 0% is absorbed by the stomach the remaining 80% is absorbed in the small intestines. 4. What is alcohol effect on digestion and liver? Alcohol can stop digestion and increase hydrochloric acid production. Alcohol also causes a drop in blood sugar which can lead to a hypoglycemic state. 5. Name some factors that often predict alcoholism? Poor learning ability, poor judgment, short-term memory is affected. 6. After frequent high dose use†¦ which is more dangerous: immediate alcohol withdrawal or immediate heroin withdrawal? Alcohol is more immediate. Sherman Howard

Importance of Osmosis in Living Organisms and Beings

What is the importance of osmosis in living organisms?The process of osmosis and its importance to living organisms Osmosis is the process by which there is a net movement of water through a semi permeable membrane from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential. Within a cell, osmosis has the following effect. If the water potential of the cell is lower than that around the cell water will move across a concentration gradient into the cell. If this is the case, the increase in water in the cell, may cause the cell to swell, which could consequently lead to the cell bursting.If the concentration of water is the same both inside the cell and surrounding the cell there will be a dynamic equilibrium between the number of water molecules entering and leaving the cell, hence the cell does not change size. For example, red blood cells in the blood plasma retain their shape because of the isotonic nature of the plasma. If the concentration of water is higher within th e cell then that of outside the cell, there will be a net movement of water out of the cell, this will cause the cell to shrink and shrivel.Within animal cells there is no cell wall therefore when there is a higher water potential outside the cell to inside the cell, water diffuses into the cell, and as there is no cell wall to prevent it from bursting, the cell swells and bursts and the cell cannot become turgid. However when an animal cell is in danger of bursting, organelles within the cell pump water out of the cell to prevent this from happening. When a cell contains excess fluid it causes the membrane to split and the cell to burst, when this happens due to an over abundance of fluid, it is known as lysis.It is therefore very important to maintain an osmotic balance within animal cells. Like with all cells when the water potential inside the cell is higher than that outside the cell water moves out of the cell, causing the cell to shrink in size. Therefore it is necessary for animal cells to be always surrounded by an isotonic solution. In the human body, the kidneys provide the necessary regulatory mechanism for the blood plasma to be an isotonic solution to prevent excesses amounts of water and salts leaving the body and maintain the correct concentration of water by removing salt from the blood.This process within the kidneys is controlled by part of the brain called the medulla. Almost all of the water which enters the intestines is absorbed across the walls of the small intestine through the action of osmosis. Chyme which enters the intestines is digested and broken down, this increases the osmotic pressure, and therefore as digestion continues there is an increase in osmotic pressure. This causes water to move into the gut via the process of osmosis. On the other hand the broken down molecules move out of the lumen and into the blood stream.This decreases the osmotic pressure, and water is reabsorbed back into the body. An additional bodily functio n which uses osmosis is the production of sweat. The body uses osmosis by lowering the water potential near the skin by exerting a small amount of salt inside the sweat glands, this lowers the water potential inside the gland, and this causes water to move into the gland via osmosis as the water potential is higher outside the gland then within it. When the glands are full of water, sweat leaves the body, as mainly water, and the salt remains in the glands which allow water to continually move into the glands when needed to.Therefore it is clear that osmosis plays a large role in the body, and is needed to maintain many processes within the body. Tissue fluid also requires the process of osmosis, tissue fluid is the fluid which surrounds cells and tissues which contains blood plasma, the function of tissue fluid is to carry oxygen and glucose to cells, and carry carbon dioxide and waste products away from the cells and into the tissue fluid to be reabsorbed by the blood. At the arte riole end of the capillary, due to a high hydrostatic pressure in comparison to the solute potential of the blood is forced out which creates the tissue fluid.At the venule end of the capillary the pressure is much lower, but the capillary contains the proteins which were not forced out with the tissue fluid. This increases the osmotic potential; therefore the tissue fluid is reabsorbed back into the venule via osmosis. Plant cells are slightly different to animal cells in terms of their reaction to osmosis. When a plant cell has a lower water potential than around the cell, like animal cells, there is a net movement of water into the cell causing the cell to begin to swell.However, the turgid cell walls prevent the cell from bursting, once this has happened the plant cell is said to have become turgid, as it has become swollen and hard. This causes the pressure inside the cell to be equal to that outside of the cell, this hydrostatic pressure prevents further uptake of water by the plant cell. This is very important to the plant as osmosis cause the turgidity of the cells it allows the plant tissue to maintain its turgidity and stability.This is further helped by the fact the pressure of the cells is exerted on the neighbouring cells this allows green plants to photosynthesis more efficiently as it allows them to remain straight and tall towards the sunlight. When a plant cell is in hypertonic conditions, water is exuded from the cell, but there is no change in the size or shape of the cell wall but the cytoplasm shrinks, and the cell membrane and cytoplasm are pulled away from the cell wall, this process is known as plasmolysis.Osmosis is important within plants, as it allows water to be taken up by the roots, and move up the plant. Firstly it is necessary for moving water and dissolved mineral ions through the xylem. When the water potential is greater in the soil surrounding the roots than in the outer layer of root cells, water moves into the reels via os mosis. This causes and increase of water concentration in the outer root cells, than in surrounding root cells, water therefore moves in to adjacent root cells by osmosis.This movement of water continues as long as the adjacent cells have lower water potential, this allows water to continue moving up the entire plant. Once the water has been taken up by the roots it can continue in two ways, either down the symplast pathway or the apoplast pathway. The symplast pathway does not require osmosis as there are no further membranes to pass through until the water reaches the xylem. The apoplast pathway stops when the water reaches the endodermis because of the waterproof casparian strip, which seals the cell walls.Therefore the water has to cross the cell membrane by osmosis and enter the symplast. The uptake of water by the plant causes a pressure which pushes the water up the xylem; this is known as root pressure. However this is not enough on its own to cause water to move up the xyle m, the main forces which causes water to move up the xylem comes from transpiration from the leaves. Osmosis is also an important part of mass flow hypothesis in the phloem of plants; the process involves the movement of substances and is nown as translocation. Sucrose is important to plants and needs to e transported around the plant, firstly the sucrose is loaded into the phloem, usually from a photosynthetic leaf. The sucrose is then actively transported into surrounding cells, this causes the water potential of these cells to reduce, this causes water to enter by osmosis. As the sucrose moves out of the cells, the water follows via the process of osmosis. This results in the mass flow of substances in the phloem.Therefore osmosis is proven to be a very important element to plant survival water movement, and mass movement in plants. Therefore the process of osmosis is a vital; it allows both plants and animals to function efficiently. Osmosis is involved in many processes around the body and within different sections of plant, it is necessary for absorption in the gut, water movement in plant, the formation of tissue fluid, the stability and turgidity of plants and many other processes mentioned previously.

HIV AIDS essays

HIV AIDS essays HIV, the virus that causes Aids is one of the most devastating diseases in todays world. It is not a matter of national, religion, race, or sexual orientation. It is rather a fact of someone being exposed to the virus. No one wants to get HIV but if one has unprotected sex or uses a dirty needle then this person might be at risk, these are not the only ways to get the virus, but they are the most common. One can have HIV for many years and not know that one has it because symptoms will not show up. Journalists are debating this issue, should the government get involved and require everyone to be tested for the HIV virus. The Aids virus is a disease that cannot be cured at this time. Although billions of dollars have been spent for research, still know cure has been found. The closest medicine that scientist have discovered, is a defensive agent that stops the virus from spreading quickly into the organic system. It costs a great deal of money, and only very few people from the society can afford it. At this point still, many people believe that virus is a curse from heaven. There are many ways to catch the virus but one cannot catch it from touching or kissing. This virus is nothing like a cold or the flu, it is way more serous. This virus can and will kill you. One does not have to be at fault to catch the virus. If one is an unborn child and ones mother has this virus, there is a big possibility that one will be born with the virus. Million of people have this virus and they will soon die from it. The medicines only slow down the process it doesnt cure it. It is ones concern, if they are having unprotected sex, to be responsible and get tested. No one should force anyone to do so. This would raise some serious complications, such as violation of the human right, and individualism. Whenever the government gives something as a requirement th00.ere is no other alternatives. It becomes a must. The government s...

Expected Value for Chuck-a-Luck

Expected Value for Chuck-a-Luck Chuck-a-Luck is a game of chance. Three dice are rolled, sometimes in a wire frame. Due to this frame, this game is also called birdcage. This game is more often seen in carnivals rather than casinos. However, due to the use of random dice, we can use probability to analyze this game. More specifically we can calculate the expected value of this game. Wagers There are several types of wagers that are possible to bet on. We will only consider the single number wager. On this wager we simply choose a specific number from one to six. Then we roll the dice. Consider the possibilities. All of the dice, two of them, one of them or none could show the number that we have chosen. Suppose that this game will pay the following: $3 if all three dice match the number chosen.$2 if exactly two dice match the number chosen.$1 if exactly one of the dice matches the number chosen. If none of the dice matches the number chosen, then we must pay $1. What is the expected value of this game? In other words, in the long run how much on average would we expect to win or lose if we played this game repeatedly? Probabilities In order to find the expected value of this game we need to determine four probabilities. These probabilities correspond to the four possible outcomes. We note that each die is independent of the others. Due to this independence, we use the multiplication rule. This will help us in determining the number of outcomes. We also assume that the dice are fair. Each of the six sides on each of the three dice is equally likely to be rolled. There are 6 x 6 x 6 216 possible outcomes from rolling these three dice. This number will be the denominator for all of our probabilities. There is one way to match all three dice with the number chosen. There are five ways for a single die to not match our chosen number. This means that there are 5 x 5 x 5 125 ways for none of our dice to match the number that was chosen. If we consider exactly two of the dice matching, then we have one die that does not match. There are 1 x 1 x 5 5 ways for the first two dice to match our number and the third to be different.There are 1 x 5 x 1 5 ways for the first and third dice to match, with the second be different.There are 5 x 1 x 1 5 ways for the first die to be different and for the second and third to match. This means that there is a total of 15 ways for exactly two dice to match. We now have calculated the number of ways to obtain all but one of our outcomes. There are 216 rolls possible. We have accounted for 1 15 125 141 of them. This means that there are 216 -141 75 remaining. We collect all of the above information and see: The probability our number matches all three dice is 1/216.The probability our number matches exactly two dice is 15/216.The probability our number matches exactly one die is 75/216.The probability our number matches none of the dice is 125/216. Expected Value We are now ready to calculate the expected value of this situation. The formula for expected value requires us to multiply the probability of each event by the net gain or loss if the event occurs. We then add all of these products together. The calculation of the expected value is as follows: (3)(1/216) (2)(15/216) (1)(75/216) (-1)(125/216) 3/216 30/216 75/216 -125/216 -17/216 This is approximately -$0.08. The interpretation is that if we were to play this game repeatedly, on average we would lose 8 cents each time that we played.

Urbanization in Tokyo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Urbanization in Tokyo - Essay Example massive urbanization in Tokyo has had several negative consequences and challenges. It was impossible to avoid those irrevocable pitfalls, taking into account the accelerated pace of people’s migration. It is extremely difficult to govern such a huge city and satisfy the demands of millions of citizens. However, Tokyo Metropolitan Government has made a great job meeting the city’s requirements and designed complicated strategies to satisfy the needs of this megacity. Apart from shortage of resource supply and waste problems, the most serious and threatening negative outcome of urbanization is air pollution. Tokyo’s ecological situation is far from satisfactory and is getting worse. Most wonders of civilization, which alleviate people’s life, such as air conditioning, personal vehicles and industrial objects, aggravate Tokyo’s ecology in global sense. TMG has implemented two solutions to address this issue. The first one concerned diesel fuel and die sel vehicles. Some of them were completely abolished, and some were reorganized to use gasoline. All these steps were taken to reduce sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere and improve the quality of air. The second solution concerned global warming and greenhouse effect. To solve this ecological problem, TMG encouraged greening rooftops and walls of high buildings, using energy saving devices and fostered commercial facilities to reduce their greenhouse gas emission. Both of these two solutions can be evaluated as effective and wise steps towards sustainability of ecology in Tokyo. It is important to think about health of present citizens and that of future generations. Our duty is to ensure stability, confidence and prosperity for our descendants and not to doom them to live in a nasty and dirty world.

Functions of Uniformed Police Officers Research Paper

Functions of Uniformed Police Officers - Research Paper Example Other authorities are to maintain peace and security in their respective areas. A uniformed police officer performs many functions, such as, traffic control, crime prevention, and implementation of law. In this paper, we will describe crime prevention, which is one of the most important functions of a uniformed police officer. Crime Prevention Lab (2010) states, â€Å"Many crime prevention programs rely heavily on police activity† (p. 85). Crime prevention is an attempt to either prevent the crimes or reduce the level of criminal acts. Reducing the risk of being a victim is the basic objective of crime prevention. Gilling (1997) states, â€Å"Crime prevention incorporates not only the practices of the entire criminal justice system, but also those of many other social and public policies† (p. 2). A uniformed police officer reduces the crime rate and disorderly situations implementing effective crime prevention strategies. Crime prevention is a function, which involves d eploying protective people, prevention policies, and strategies (Hayes, 1997). These strategies are implemented in various judicial and extra judicial settings. It is one of the prime responsibilities of a uniform police officer to take proper measures to reduce the level of crimes in the country because crimes and violence not only make the lives of people insecure but also proves to be a risk for economy of a country. Implementation of crime prevention strategies plays a great role in the successful prevention and reduction of crime levels in a country. Sherman (2002) states, â€Å"Comprehensive crime prevention strategies frequently involve the mobilization of community members to participate actively in planning and implementing prevention activities† (p. 168). These strategies not only help the government in reducing the level of crimes but also help in generating the sense of security in the public living in any specific society. Crime prevention is a skill-based activi ty (Arrington, 2007, p. 27). The ultimate goal of crime prevention is to provide people with trustworthy security by eradicating crimes from the society. In order to achieve the goal of crime prevention, uniform police officers put an end to those specific factors or opportunities, which enable a criminal to get involved in any specific criminal activity. The main goal of crime prevention is not only to secure the lives and properties of the public but also to eliminate those reasons, which act as the root cause for the unlawful activities. It is one of the main goals of uniformed police officers to reduce or remove the opportunities for criminals from the country, and this goal can be achieved by increasing the desire among the public to act as the contributor to the improvement of society. Uniformed police officers create fear of punishment in the minds of criminals in order to prevent them from getting involved in any sort of criminal activity. Fear of punishment cannot be inject ed in the minds of criminals rather it is created by taking such steps, which should practically detain the criminals in order to create a risky environment for criminals. Crime rate in small part of a country puts a negative and fearful impact on whole country. People avoid going to those areas where there is no protection of life and property because security is always the first priority for every individual. It is the major responsibility of the uniformed police officers to apply such crime prevention

Criminal and Racial Profiling Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Criminal and Racial Profiling - Term Paper Example expectation that their communities will be safe, that individuals who commit crimes will be prosecuted, that freedom of mobility within the United States and outside its borders will be safeguarded and that the federal government’s primary responsibility must always be to protect the national security of the country. These expectations are uniformly held by Americans and transcend political affiliation, socio-economic status, ethnicity or geographic location. A major legal and constitutional question concerns how we reconcile the protection of the rights of American citizens and those who legally enter the country with the public official’s duty to act in the national interest of the United States. Two current events have triggered a renewed national debate on this very issue. The first concerns the powers granted to the President and Secretary of Defense under the Patriot Act. The second issue pertains to the recently enacted law in Arizona that permits law enforcement officials to question the ethnicity and immigration status of individuals who are suspected of being in the United States illegally (SB 1070). This paper examines the issues surrounding racial and criminal personality profiling and provides a comparative analysis of the two investigative strategies. It defines both terms and examines what types of behaviors and activities constitute criminal personality and racial profiling. The paper delves into some of the complex legal, constitutional and methodological factors that are fueling the public debate on the issues. The paper concludes with a discussion of what alternatives, if any, are available to the professionals who are charged with the protection of our national security. The term profiling actually has its origins in a sub-field of mathematics. Statisticians utilize probability to apply a single observation to a general population. The profile is accurate within an acceptable level of error (Antanovics & Knight, 2009). The following

Warehousing and Inventory Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Warehousing and Inventory Management - Essay Example Traditional warehousing and inventory management processes need to be replaced with modern automated electronic systems to remain competitive. The process of warehouse and inventory management involves recording and tracking of materials on a quantity and value basis (Tompkins, J.A. and Smith, J.D., 1998). Warehousing and inventory management includes all the process for planning, entry, and documentation of goods movements. Warehouse Management Processes cover warehouse-internal movements and storage of materials. Planning a new warehouse requires some basic decisions. Before starting planning you need to increase available space to its optimum level by using some basic common sense such as getting rid of any junk equipment or goods that is not required to be stored, using JIT deliveries and shorter runs to reduce inventories and use of racks (Tompkins, J.A. and Smith, J.D., 1998, David E. Mulcahy, 1993). All successful warehouse layouts must accomplish the following objectives, regardless of material being stored: Warehouse space planning should be done keeping in mind the nature of inventory. For example you have to design deep rows if your warehouse is intended to store large quantities of few SKUs and you need to plan shallow rows with many faces if you are going to store small quantities of many SKUs. Planning aisle width depends on your decisions such as the type of trucks you will be using and priority among time and space. Aisle width should be according to width of lift trucks used, it should allow free movements of truck. Planning Rows: Planning rows also depends upon the size of lift trucks used. Space between rows should allow a free movement while saving space. Planning Docks: You should take extra care for planning docks as these are busiest part of warehouse operation. Number and placing of the docks depends upon the estimation of how many lift trailers will be handled and of what sizes. Following figure (source: Askin and Standridge) shows a basic ideal lay out: Systematic Layout Planning It is a manual design methodology developed by Muther (Richard Muther, 2004). Following diagram shows various steps of a systematic layout planning: The basic steps of this method are: Data collection (type of goods, Quantity of each product to be produced, Routing for each product, and the Schedule of delivery) and Flow Analysis to identify in and out of goods. It considers quantity of material flow, as well as overall flow lines that could be better in the implementation of departments. Quantitative analysis: analysis of quantifiable factors such as flow costs. Quantitative analysis is done using relationship diagrams. Relationship Diagram: these diagrams are used to quantify relation between source and various destination of delivery. It combines quantitative and qualitative analysis. Relationship diagrams are used for efficient layout planning (Maida Napolitano, 2003). Relationship diagram is the quantitative matrix containing the level of interaction

Abortion and Womens Rights Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Abortion and Womens Rights - Research Paper Example A woman, however, is a container for the fetus and without her, the childbirth is not even possible (Shafak, n.p.). She needs to make the decision regarding whether or not she is capable of carrying the child in her womb for a period of 9 months. Every woman must have the right to make the decision regarding abortion depending upon a number of factors like the involvement of the father, financial resources available to her, health implications as well as a matter of mere choice of whether or not she wants the baby and is willing to sacrifice her life to care for her child (Abortion Is Every Woman's Right, n.p.). A woman’s body is her own and thus no other person should be allowed to make the decision regarding what she wants, especially if she is an adult of sound mind, capable of making her own decisions. The right to abortion is a very crucial topic that needs to be discussed and taken care of because it involves the life of an unborn child. It is thus up to the woman to dec ide whether or not she wants to give life to the fetus because she herself will be able to ascertain whether or not she has the potential to do so and carry on with the pregnancy (BBC News). Many times, women fail to gather the support of the men that got them pregnant in the first place; in such a situation, how is it that a woman should not be given the right to carry on with the abortion if she wants to? (Abortion Is Every Woman's Right, n.p.). A woman is a human being too, something that a patriarchal driven society often tends to forget; it is not an easy task to carry on with pregnancy and give birth to a child especially without financial resources and proper nutrition. Unless and until a woman wants to have a child, she should not be forced into doing so because this takes away the rights of not only the mother but also her unborn child (Dreaper, n.p.). A pregnancy does not always have to be planned; in many cases, two people engaging in sexual intercourse while using all th e necessary precaution could still fall short – condoms are not a hundred percent effective and neither are birth control pills and that is why a woman should have the right to decide whether or not she wants to keep the child once pregnant (Dreaper, n.p.). Young couples could get pregnant without having the means to support a child or a plan for the future of the child and in this case, if they deem fit that they should abort the pregnancy, it is their decision. Moreover, if a woman is young and has her entire future ahead of her, she should not lay prey to society to do what is best – she should know what is best for her and take the necessary actions because otherwise, she will have to deal with the consequences (Shafak, n.p.). Pregnancies have a very adverse effect on the body of a woman; they tend to disrupt the normal course of lifestyle for her and there are many changes that she goes through in her body.  

Interpretation of The Rich Brother by Tobias Wolff Essay

Interpretation of The Rich Brother by Tobias Wolff - Essay Example Much as he behaves in the story, I conjured up the image of a selfish, mean, and rude guy with a lot of money for Pete. The facts of the story that led me to draw this image of Pete in my mind were his distaste for Donald’s act of giving away his $100 that he expressed by throwing Donald out of the car and not even realizing how bad he has behaved. Instead, Pete says to Donald, â€Å"you’d better go† (Wolff 12), thus deceiving himself that he does not need Donald. Pete has the audacity to nod to the music in his car after throwing his brother out of it. While the overall impression of Donald was that of a good guy without money, I missed out some of the most important underlying messages in the story like the real meaning of being rich unless I had discussion about this story with my friends. After discussing the story’s interpretation with my friends and listening to theirs, I reached the conclusion that the story contains some very important messages tha t make it more meaningful and sophisticated than I had presumed. My friends came up with their own opinions and conclusions they had drawn from the story, all of which sparked a number of questions in my mind; who of the two brothers is really rich; the one with more money or the one with the better character? Does Donald really need Pete to make a living or is Pete really in need of somebody with a high character like Donald? Is money so powerful that it deprives man of all sensitivity, sensibility, and humanity? Does money do that to everybody or there was something very wrong about Pete that it did that to him? These and many more questions were discussed with the peers. Comparison of the two interpretations has led me to the conclusion that when we read something and interpret it by ourselves without consulting anybody, we are likely to adopt a biased approach toward interpreting it so as to draw the meaning that we want out of it. We approach the reading in a certain way and th ings seem to make sense that way. While we definitely have a viewpoint, we tend to overlook, if not completely ignore, various other meanings that can be derived from the same reading. The state of mind in which we read a story plays a decisive role in what conclusions we draw from it. In order to get the most out of a reading, it is advisable to discuss the story with peers so as to get their opinion. While the best results can be achieved if all peers have personally read the story at least once, the reader should at least summarize the story to the peers so as to ensure that everybody gets to know about it even if he/she has not personally read it. When I discussed the story and my interpretation of it with my peers, not only that practice exposed me to a variety of themes, ideas, moral lessons, and conclusions hidden in the opinions of my peers, but I also noticed a widening of the horizon of my own thoughts. The practice opened my mind and I also came up with new conclusions th at I might not have been able to do alone. The strengths of personal interpretation include surfacing of a well-defined opinion of the reader that might be unique, sharpening of mind as one ponders over the facts of the story alone without anybody’s guidance or help, and maximization of learning as no other activity is as strong as building memory and interpretation skills as personal interpre

Warehousing and Inventory Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Warehousing and Inventory Management - Essay Example Traditional warehousing and inventory management processes need to be replaced with modern automated electronic systems to remain competitive. The process of warehouse and inventory management involves recording and tracking of materials on a quantity and value basis (Tompkins, J.A. and Smith, J.D., 1998). Warehousing and inventory management includes all the process for planning, entry, and documentation of goods movements. Warehouse Management Processes cover warehouse-internal movements and storage of materials. Planning a new warehouse requires some basic decisions. Before starting planning you need to increase available space to its optimum level by using some basic common sense such as getting rid of any junk equipment or goods that is not required to be stored, using JIT deliveries and shorter runs to reduce inventories and use of racks (Tompkins, J.A. and Smith, J.D., 1998, David E. Mulcahy, 1993). All successful warehouse layouts must accomplish the following objectives, regardless of material being stored: Warehouse space planning should be done keeping in mind the nature of inventory. For example you have to design deep rows if your warehouse is intended to store large quantities of few SKUs and you need to plan shallow rows with many faces if you are going to store small quantities of many SKUs. Planning aisle width depends on your decisions such as the type of trucks you will be using and priority among time and space. Aisle width should be according to width of lift trucks used, it should allow free movements of truck. Planning Rows: Planning rows also depends upon the size of lift trucks used. Space between rows should allow a free movement while saving space. Planning Docks: You should take extra care for planning docks as these are busiest part of warehouse operation. Number and placing of the docks depends upon the estimation of how many lift trailers will be handled and of what sizes. Following figure (source: Askin and Standridge) shows a basic ideal lay out: Systematic Layout Planning It is a manual design methodology developed by Muther (Richard Muther, 2004). Following diagram shows various steps of a systematic layout planning: The basic steps of this method are: Data collection (type of goods, Quantity of each product to be produced, Routing for each product, and the Schedule of delivery) and Flow Analysis to identify in and out of goods. It considers quantity of material flow, as well as overall flow lines that could be better in the implementation of departments. Quantitative analysis: analysis of quantifiable factors such as flow costs. Quantitative analysis is done using relationship diagrams. Relationship Diagram: these diagrams are used to quantify relation between source and various destination of delivery. It combines quantitative and qualitative analysis. Relationship diagrams are used for efficient layout planning (Maida Napolitano, 2003). Relationship diagram is the quantitative matrix containing the level of interaction

Interpretation of The Rich Brother by Tobias Wolff Essay

Interpretation of The Rich Brother by Tobias Wolff - Essay Example Much as he behaves in the story, I conjured up the image of a selfish, mean, and rude guy with a lot of money for Pete. The facts of the story that led me to draw this image of Pete in my mind were his distaste for Donald’s act of giving away his $100 that he expressed by throwing Donald out of the car and not even realizing how bad he has behaved. Instead, Pete says to Donald, â€Å"you’d better go† (Wolff 12), thus deceiving himself that he does not need Donald. Pete has the audacity to nod to the music in his car after throwing his brother out of it. While the overall impression of Donald was that of a good guy without money, I missed out some of the most important underlying messages in the story like the real meaning of being rich unless I had discussion about this story with my friends. After discussing the story’s interpretation with my friends and listening to theirs, I reached the conclusion that the story contains some very important messages tha t make it more meaningful and sophisticated than I had presumed. My friends came up with their own opinions and conclusions they had drawn from the story, all of which sparked a number of questions in my mind; who of the two brothers is really rich; the one with more money or the one with the better character? Does Donald really need Pete to make a living or is Pete really in need of somebody with a high character like Donald? Is money so powerful that it deprives man of all sensitivity, sensibility, and humanity? Does money do that to everybody or there was something very wrong about Pete that it did that to him? These and many more questions were discussed with the peers. Comparison of the two interpretations has led me to the conclusion that when we read something and interpret it by ourselves without consulting anybody, we are likely to adopt a biased approach toward interpreting it so as to draw the meaning that we want out of it. We approach the reading in a certain way and th ings seem to make sense that way. While we definitely have a viewpoint, we tend to overlook, if not completely ignore, various other meanings that can be derived from the same reading. The state of mind in which we read a story plays a decisive role in what conclusions we draw from it. In order to get the most out of a reading, it is advisable to discuss the story with peers so as to get their opinion. While the best results can be achieved if all peers have personally read the story at least once, the reader should at least summarize the story to the peers so as to ensure that everybody gets to know about it even if he/she has not personally read it. When I discussed the story and my interpretation of it with my peers, not only that practice exposed me to a variety of themes, ideas, moral lessons, and conclusions hidden in the opinions of my peers, but I also noticed a widening of the horizon of my own thoughts. The practice opened my mind and I also came up with new conclusions th at I might not have been able to do alone. The strengths of personal interpretation include surfacing of a well-defined opinion of the reader that might be unique, sharpening of mind as one ponders over the facts of the story alone without anybody’s guidance or help, and maximization of learning as no other activity is as strong as building memory and interpretation skills as personal interpre

Health Expenditure Poverty Essay Example for Free

Health Expenditure Poverty Essay Condition where peoples basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter are not being met. According to World Bank: Poverty is pronounced deprivation in well-being, and comprises many dimensions. It includes low incomes and the inability to acquire the basic goods and services necessary for survival with dignity. Poverty also encompasses low levels of health and education, poor access to clean water and sanitation, inadequate physical security, lack of voice, and insufficient capacity and opportunity to better one’s life. According to United Nations: Fundamentally, poverty is a denial of choices and opportunities, a violation of human dignity. It means lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society. It means not having enough to food and clothing a family, not having a school or clinic to go to, not having the land on which to grow one’s food or a job to earn one’s living, not having access to credit. It means insecurity, powerlessness and exclusion of individuals, households and communities. It means susceptibility to violence, and it often implies living in marginal or fragile environments, without access to clean water or sanitation. Type of Poverty: Poverty is generally of two types which are as follow. Absolute poverty Absolute poverty is synonymous with destitution and occurs when people cannot obtain adequate resources (measured in terms of calories or nutrition) to support a minimum level of physical health. Absolute poverty means about the same everywhere, and can be eradicated as demonstrated by some countries. Relative poverty Relative poverty occurs when people do not enjoy a certain minimum level of living standards as determined by a government (and enjoyed by the bulk of the population) that vary from country to country, sometimes within the same country. Relative poverty occurs everywhere, is said to be increasing, and may never be eradicated. Psychological Cause of poverty Poverty is regarded as a vicious circle. It is the product of different causes. Some of the thinkers have attributed it to a single cause but as poverty is a multi dimensional problem, multiple factors are responsible for it. According to hennery George, the main cause of poverty is the personal ownership and monopoly of individual on the land. He writes â€Å"in great cities where land is so valuable that it is measured by foot you will find extreme of poverty and of luxury.† Marx said the main causes of poverty are the exploitation laborers by the capitalists. Malthus said, poverty increases because of the fact that, while the food production increases in arithmetical progression, the population increase in geometric progression. These views lay emphasis on a singular cause of poverty but modern social scientists consider that poverty is the result of multiple factors. Personal factors: Personal factors play important role in economic status of a person. In this modern scientific era, one may not believe in the fate but no one can deny the importance of personal capacity and efforts in his life style and life pattern. The important personal factors cause poverty is as follows. i) Sickness: Due to sickness a person is unable to work or his income decreases. A major portion of his income is spent on the cure of the diseases. Sickness increases poverty. Hunter has rightly pointed out that â€Å"Poverty and sickness form a vicious partnership each helping the other to add to the miseries of most unfortunate of mankind.† ii) Mental disease: Mental disease and frustration also increase poverty. Owing to this, a man looses the balance of his mind by which he is incapable of doing anything. So his family becomes poor and it aggravates poverty. iii) Accident: Accident of any kind may make a person incapable of working, as a result of which he becomes a parasite on society or his income decreases. When income decreases poverty increases. iv) Idleness and extravagance: India is a rich country inhabited by poor. Idle and lazy persons do not work although they are able to work. Hence they remain poor. There are also extravagant persons who can waste any amount of money in no time. So the cause of poverty is not the lower income but excess of expenditure over income. Such persons also spent lavishly during festive occasions like marriage ceremony, many social religious festivals etc, and they always remain poor. v) Demoralizations: Due to lower morale some person are addicted to drinking, prostitution, gambling and other social evils. Such persons spent high proportion of their income on these evil habits and finally become pauper. Biological factors: Rapid growth of population is one of the most important causes of poetry. Malthus has pointed out that the geometric progress of population is the root cause of poverty. Due to the development of medical science, reduction of famine, control of epidemics and natural calamities death rate has decreased. At the same time birth rate has not been effectively controlled. If a man has too many children his standard of living is definitely lowered and he becomes relatively poor.† Besides, other factors like the power of fertility of Indian women, early age of marriage are also indirectly responsible for poverty. Global Distribution of Resources Many experts agree that the legacy of colonialism accounts for much of the unequal distribution of resources in the world economy. In many developing countries, the problems of poverty are massive and pervasive. In recent decades most of these countries have tried to develop their economies with industry and technology with varying levels of success. Some nations have become fairly wealthy, including the Republic of Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand. Many developing countries, however, lack essential raw materials and the knowledge and skills gained through formal education and training. They also often lack the infrastructure provided by, for example, transportation systems and power-generating facilities. Because these things are necessary for the development of industry, developing countries generally must rely on trade with developed countries for manufactured goods, but they cannot afford much. Some social scientists argue that wealthier developed countries continue to practice a form of colonialism, known as neocolonialism. The affluence of these countries is based to a large extent on favorable trade with the developing world. Developed countries have been able to get inexpensive natural resources from poorer countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, including oil for power, ores and minerals for manufacturing durable goods, and manufactured goods made by low-wage workers in factories operated by multinational corporations. This practice contributes to the dependency of poorer countries while not raising their standards of living. Economical factors: The most fundamental cause of poverty is economics. The important economical factors are as follows. i) Backwardness of agriculture: Indian Agriculture is carried on with primitive techniques. Due to the absence of modern machines, tools, implements, improved seeds, manures, inadequate irrigation facilities, constant fragmentation of land and exploitation by the landlords etc. Agricultural production hampers to a great extent. Besides these our agricultural system is not sufficient to provide adequate number of jobs or better price for agricultural products. This increase poverty among the rural farmers. ii) Slow and defective industrialization: In India industrialization is taking place at a snail’s pace, due to inadequate finance, paucity of skilled and technically trained personnel, irregular supply of power and raw materials etc. Therefore it is not possible in India to provide employment in large scale tot he persons who are willing to work. Further the concentration of industries in urban areas also deprives the rural poor from getting employment in industries. iii) Unequal distribution: Distribution of wealth is unequal in India. Wealth is mostly concentrated in the hands of a few. These people after an optimum of investment keep the wealth in iron chests. On the other hand, the people who would have invested it for productive purpose do not get it. This leaves a majority of population in this state of unemployment. iv) Unwise economic policy: Indian is rich in respect of natural resources, but poor in making proper utilization of it. Till now we are not able to make optimum utilization of resources as a result of which it remains unutilized or misused. Sometimes due to defective policy of the government people remain poor. Psychological effects of poverty Psychological research has demonstrated that living in poverty has a wide range of negative effects on the physical and mental health and wellbeing of our nation’s children. Poverty impacts children within their various contexts at home, in school, and in their neighborhoods and communities. Poverty is linked with negative conditions such as substandard housing, homelessness, inadequate nutrition and food insecurity, inadequate child care, lack of access to health care, unsafe neighborhoods, and under resourced schools which adversely impact our nation’s children. Poorer children and teens are also at greater risk for several negative outcomes such as poor academic achievement, school dropout, abuse and neglect, behavioral and socio emotional problems, physical health problems, and developmental delays. These effects are compounded by the barriers children and their families encounter when trying to access physical and mental health care. Economists estimate that child poverty costs an estimated $500 billion a year to the U.S. economy; reduces productivity and economic output by 1.3 percent of GDP; raises crime and increases health expenditure Poverty and academic achievement Poverty has a particularly adverse effect on the academic outcomes of children, especially during early childhood. Chronic stress associated with living in poverty has been shown to adversely affect children’s concentration and memory which may impact their ability to learn. The National Center for Education Statistics reports that in 2008, the dropout rate of students living in low-income families was about four and one-half times greater than the rate of children from higher-income families (8.7 percent versus 2.0 percent). The academic achievement gap for poorer youth is particularly pronounced for low-income African American and Hispanic children compared with their more affluent White peers. Poverty and psychosocial outcomes Children living in poverty are at greater risk of behavioral and emotional problems. Some behavioral problems may include impulsiveness, difficulty getting along with peers, aggression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder. ïÆ'ËœSome emotional problems may include feelings of anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. Poverty and economic hardship is particularly difficult for parents who may experience chronic stress, depression, marital distress and exhibit harsher parenting behaviors. These are all linked to poor social and emotional outcomes for children. Unsafe neighborhoods may expose low-income children to violence which can cause a number of psychosocial difficulties. Violence exposure can also predict future violent behavior in youth which places them at greater risk of injury and mortality and entry into the juvenile justice system. Underresourced schools in poorer communities struggle to meet the learning needs of their students and aid them in fulfilling their potential. Inadequate education contributes to the cycle of poverty by making it more difficult for low-income children to lift themselves and future generations out of poverty. Violence According to experts, many women become victims of trafficking, the most common form of which is prostitution, as a means of survival and economic desperation. Deterioration of living conditions can often compel children to abandon school in order to contribute to the family income, putting them at risk of being exploited, according to ECPAT International, an NGO designed to end the commercial sexual exploitation of children. For example, in Zimbabwe, a number of girls are turning to prostitution for food to survive because of the increasing poverty. In one survey, 67% of children from disadvantaged inner cities said they had witnessed a serious assault, and 33% reported witnessing a homicide. 51% of fifth graders from New Orleans (median income for a household have been found to be victims of violence, compared to 32% in Washington, DC (mean income for a household

Analysing the communication process in McDonalds

Analysing the communication process in McDonalds I have made a document and analyze the communication process in one of the worlds successful and largest fast food chain, towards the achievement of business goal. I have chosen the organization is McDonalds situated in Manurewa. Primary data was collected by interviewing the Branch Manager, he is my relative. After the primary research, all the relevant findings were analyzed and evaluated based on the communication theories learned from secondary sources through our textbook, lecturer handouts, online resources and the organizations information resources. The research draws attention to the importance of these findings on how effective, efficient, accurate and up-to-date these communication processes that shoe great impact on the three levels of communication in the main team namely: Team Communication Interpersonal Communication Organization Communication Findings showed some communication barriers on each level that hinder the affectivity and efficiency of the communication processes towards the achievement of their Team goals affecting the organizational goals is well. Though some of the problems were being acted upon promptly, some were not; therefore, I came up with some suggestions that may be helpful to the subject organization towards the achievement of their business goals. 1. Introduction McDonalds is the one of the leading restaurant chains in the world, touching the lives of people every day. They improved their quality of products and services with the time. In the past McDonalds does not have drive through and 24 hour services. All of them are open for late nights. McDonalds primarily sells hamburgers, cheese burgers, chicken products, French fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milk shakes, and deserts. 2. Interpersonal communication Interpersonal communication is communication between two people. Some books like to refer to it as face-to-face communication, or communication when people are physically present with each other. In the interpersonal communication, we research on communication between the manager and staff members and also research the communication between customers and staff. 2.1 Communication between managers and staff members When we research on McDonalds, it was found that all the restaurant employees are from different countries with different backgrounds. Employees are well educated and experienced. However, there are some drawbacks in the communication between managers and the staff members. This drawback is a language barrier. Because most of the employees have come from different countries, they speak different languages from each other. The meetings conducted at McDonalds involve managers and employees communicating to find out the problems being faced at the department. 2.2 Communication between staff members and customers In this McDonald, mostly women are in the front and attend the new customers. The woman who is attending customer is very friendly and has good communication. All staff members are trained well before to communicate effectively. To communicate well, it is necessary to talk politely and use gestures to convey meaning. The crew members give customer satisfaction through good customer service 2.3 Communication barriers There are some barriers in communication between employees and the manager:- ROLES: Roles are always defined in relationship to someone else and they determine the way you communicate with the other person. In any organisation, information flow depends on good relations of employees. Sometimes employees hide mistakes from manager because of personal relationship then it becomes a barrier in information flow. STATUS: Status become a barrier in motivation .Some of employees doesnt talk with other because of their status. New employees try to avoid communicate with the manager because of his status. POWER: Power becomes barrier in motivation and control. An organisation uses communication to motivate the employees. When we communicate, there is often some element of power or control being exercised by one person or the other, or by both. If power is too much used then the communication is frustrating. MIXED MESSAGES: It becomes a barrier in communication when non verbal communication not matches with verbal message. 3 Organisation communication In the interview with the manager we asked some general questions about the Mc Donald have to gain some knowledge about the Organisation with in the Mc Donalds. Organisation communication is divided into two major parts which is as follow:- †¢ Internal organisation communication †¢ External organisation communication 3.1 Internal organisation communication:- 3.1.1. Organisation goals:- Basic goal of McDonalds on the basis of yearly and they mainly consider about the customer service. It also includes the waste of the McDonalds. They also want to give the customer fast service they want to decrease their waste as much they can so. The few goals of McDonalds are as follows †¢ CSO (Customer satisfaction objective)-100 %( McDonalds main goal is to give customer full satisfaction) †¢ KVS (kitchen video system)-35% this is the time taken to make burgers and other fast food products in the kitchen area after every order and its normally 35 seconds. †¢ Labor-26% McDonalds want to save the labour up to 26% as they had given last year. †¢ Refunds- below 0.10 %( company wants to give less refund to the customer to earn more profit 3.1.2. Information flow within the organisation- In the organisation information flows from higher level to lower level as every information for instance a launch of new product or changing of rules firstly comes to restaurant manager and after that he pass on the information to the middle level manager or we can call them as shift manager and the shift manager pass on the information to the crew members by a team meeting or putting the information on the crew room so that everybody can read that information. And especially when a new product is launching They create a group training team and they trained them how to make new product and Kinds of precautions they have to consider while making those particular product 3.1.3. Organisation culture within the organisation:- In this organisation employees are from different communities. And mainly in this organisation islanders and Indians are working with very few of kiwi staff. The restaurant manager is kiwi and almost all the other middle level managers are islanders and including one manager belongs to china. And in this organisation everybody works without any racism and they are very comfortable with each other. The organisation climate of the McDonalds is very good because everybody communicates in professional way and they can understand each other way of communication very well. 3.2 External organisation communication:- 3.2.1 Dealing with customers:- This is the continuous part of the communication in the McDonalds and which is to be used 24 hours to serve the customer. And it is used to handle the problems of customers as well. In the McDonalds there is a specific pattern to deal with the customers which is described by the manager of McDonalds. In this part of communication is used to deal with every customer and this pattern is written is also written in every order taking register and this pattern is divided into part and those are as follows:- 1) First smile and greet to customer. 2) Take the order correctly by repeating the order to the customer 3) At last say enjoy your meal and good bye. 3.2.2. Communication with stakeholders:- In this organisation mainly restaurant manager and senior assistant manager communicate with the stakeholders and the organisation like McDonalds plays a vital role in communication with the stakeholders because they have to always to be ready to give the customer a better service and not to get a stock out of anything which is used within the organisation. 3.3 Communication barrier in organisation communication- 3.3.1 Barrier in internal organisation- Within the organisation there is communication barrier when in busy time of restaurant if crew and manager do not communicate with each other they cannot give better service to the customers and sometime it happens in heaps of busy time because everybody is busy in doing their task as faster as they can. So to get rid of it managers take the help of the other crew and manager which is available at that time to do a proper communication within the staff. 3.3.2. Barrier in external organisation- There is barrier which is occurs by the customers and stakeholders mainly because of there is sometime misunderstanding 3.3.2.1 Linguistic barrier- Along with this there is some linguistic barrier in the communication. as some of the employees which are from other countries they cannot speak as much good English to communicate and sometime it become barrier in communication in the organisation. 4 Team Communication 4.1. Team Goals Team goals are very simple make a plan and then follow it. In McDonalds teams are trained well to follow the pattern. Leader of the team asks the team to execute a plan and the whole team follows the plan. 4.2.Team Roles In a team each member has a role to fulfill the needs of the team. In McDonalds there is a branch manager, team leader or shift manager. Now there are three counters to serve the customers. On counter 1 there are three members working, on counter 2 there are two members and team leader working and on counter 3 again three members are working. Now cleaning team is there to do the cleanings and also to help the members of the team if anyone requires help and it consists of two members. So the information flow is from the both sides that are downward to upward and also upward to downward. Branch Manager Team Leader Counter Team 1 Counter Team 2 Counter Team 3 Cleaning Team 4.3.Branch Manager Now role of the branch manager is to give the order to the team leader and then team leader will give that order to the team and if there is any kind of problem to the member of the team he or she will let the team leader know and the team leader will let the manager know. So this way the information flows in a team that is both upward and downward. 4.4.Team Member The role of the team member is to contribute towards the goal of the organization. They just need to follow the orders and if they have any suggestions they can give it in the meetings organized by the team leader or by the head manager. 5.CONCLUSIONS 5.1. Interpersonal communication 5.1.1. Communication between manager and staff members According to the findings, we came up with the conclusion that due to the different background and culture of the stay members and managers, language becomes a barrier as far as communication is concerned. Because most employees are from different culture and they are new in this work might hesitate to talk to the manager about their problems. In the meetings, employees are always asked by the managers are they satisfied with their jobs and with the environment of Mc Donalds, which will ultimately motivate them to satisfy the needs of their customers as well. Indian and Chinese staff member hesitates a lot because English is not there first language. 5.1.1.1. Language barrier: Language becomes a barrier between manager and staff members because of employees are from different countries and hesitate when communicate with manager. 5.1.2. Communication between customers and staff members We find that the level of satisfaction depends on the quality of service a customer receives. In this restaurant, both men and women deal with the customers because they are trained well before they join the staff. While dealing with different customers of different background they have to communicate accurately to satisfy the customers needs. In this family restaurant every staff member communicates well with the customers to fulfil the customers needs. They speak well in English. 5.2. Organisation communication After going through all the aspects of McDonalds organisation communication we come to conclusion that both the internal and external communication of McDonalds is very necessary to run the business and earn profit. Without the proper communication, organisation cannot achieve the goals. In the McDonalds Manurewa, the staff got good communication skills and they are doing well in their business by communicating very well professionally in internal organisation as well as external organisation. 5.3 Internal organisation communication- In nutshell the McDonalds main aim is to earn profit and give the customer better service and for that they are achieving their aim by targeting this point of view. McDonalds Manurewa is very multicultural organisation so the employees enjoy each other occasion very happily. And along with this all the important information in this organisation flows from top to bottom level. 5.4 External organisation communication- In McDonalds external communication is mainly with the customers and stakeholders. And this communication is done by both the crew and managers .The dealing with customers is done by both the managers and crew but the communication with the stakeholders mainly done by managers of McDonalds. And on other side a better communication skills in the staff leads to profit of the organisation as if they can communicate well to the customers and as well as in the organisation they can achieve their goals easily. Now in McDonalds different ages, cultures and nationalities are working there together. So everybody is looking to give his idea which is good that shows there commitment towards the work but they all have different thinkings. So problems occurs in between the crew members just because they think that there idea is good but still not followed by the other members or by the group. 6. RECOMMENDATIONS 6.1. Interpersonal communication 6.1.1. Communication between customers and staff members Communication between staff member and customers is main part there. In this restaurant mostly women attend the customers. The staff is well trained and experienced. If the staff members are happy with their work environment, they can serve the customers better. Managers should also encourage members to deal with the customers to avoid any gender bias. 6.1.2 Create a positive climate The communication become better by creating a positive climate (Joan, 2001).The employees try to understand the roles of communication and working for win-win outcomes. They also enhance their communication by self disclosure. The employees should try to understand needs of the customers. Therefore, McDonalds good customer service is generated through employee satisfaction and a healthy work environment. Employees also try to learn more from old employees. 6.1.3. Communication between managers and staff members Communication between managers and staff members can be better if the meetings are held at least once a week in the organization. The managers should ask the staff members questions about their culture and background to get to know them better and to understand their behaviour, so their work environment could be set up according to their preference and comfort. Managers should also try to talk to the staff members as much as possible. 6.1.4. Making contacts Manager and employees try to make contacts with each other. We all need to be treated with respect and inclusion. These are basic human needs. Manager tries to give help to new employees who do not know about the work plan of the McDonald. New employees should make contacts with the experienced employees. Manager can help the employees who are best in communication but hesitate when they are speaking. 6.2. Organisation communication Organisation communication is vast area where everyone has to be including to targeting the aim and achieving that aim. In the organisation communication the important aspect is the organisation goals and the goals can only be achieved if the staff understand it and communicate about the goal by each other. In the organisation every individual employee has to contribute to the main organisation goal. Manger should do proper meeting with crew members to overcome communication gap in the organisation. They must take opinions of crew before implementing a new rule in the organisation so they can work as a team all the crew members must speak English with each other apart from any other languages. 6.2.1 Team communication 6.2.1.1 Conflict in Group If groups are to function well, there needs to be some conflict, because the value of group is that they bring people with diverse skills and ideas together. There, conflict is inevitable and necessary. If there is too much conflict, a group will cease to function, whereas too little conflict can lead to groupthink. Now in McDonalds a team needs to have a proper conflict shows in the diagram. If they discuss more than there is a problem and if they discuss less than there is a problem. If the team performance is not good enough then there will be a problem in Synergy. So they need to have proper to the point discussions rather than too short and to bigger meetings or discussions. 6.2.1.2 Group Dynamics Communication in a group is infinitely more complex than communication between two people. See Figure below. When two people communicate, there are two possible interactions. A B B A Now in McDonalds teams split in to four parts that is counter 1, counter 2, counter 3 and the cleaning team. On the bases of counter one there are three members that is A, B and C. Now A talks with B and B talks with C but there is no communication between A and C. If C does not talk with A then there is no interaction between team member A and C. They need to interact with each other to maintain a proper communication inside a group. If they interact with each they will automatically follow the group dynamics and the outcome will be good or improved.

Lord of the Flies :: essays research papers

Simon is perhaps the most important character in the novel for he is the first and only character to come to the realization that the Beast is inside them all, and is not represented by a physical manifestation. Simon is a follower, not a leader. He believes and trusts what Ralph, his leader, says. That’s why he mentions that the beast could be inside all of them once, and immediately discards that because Ralph doesn’t think so. His confrontation with the Lord of the Flies is the only way he can liberate that information to himself. The encounter begins with â€Å"Even if he shut his eyes the sow’s head still remained like an after-image.† This represents the beginning of the fixation Simon is having on the head, thinking of it even after he shuts his eyes. Golding then points out that the pig had half shut eyes and were dim with infinite cynicism of adult life. Those details come back a little later. It’s at this point where Simon asks himself a question and answers it aloud. â€Å" ‘I know that.’ Simon discovered that he had spoken aloud†. â€Å"He opened his eyes quickly and there was the head grinning amusedly in the strange daylight, ignoring the flies, the spilled guts, even ignoring the indignity of being spiked on a stick.† That sentence shows the continuing evolution of the fixation Simon has in this encounter. The first thing he sees when he opens his eyes is the head, and he ignores every detail around it. This is when Simon comes to the realization that his original conclusion is credible, the one he let be because of Ralph. He looks away, trying to forget the head even exists, but cannot accomplish that task.. He pulls himself back to the head â€Å"Might not the beast come for it?†, simply because he believes the Beast is not a physical manifestation, therefore being impossible for it to come. According to Simon, the head seems to agree with him. At this point, he knows the Bea st doesn’t exist physically, but he is hesitant none-the-less. The head says â€Å"Run away [†¦] go back to the others. It was a joke really—why should you bother? You were wrong, that’s all. A little headache, something you ate, perhaps. Go back, child.† Simon is making excuses for himself through the pig. Here, the fixation on the head is nearly complete.

Essay --

Cloud Computing Cloud computing is a type of computing that depends on sharing computing resources rather than having local servers or personal device to handle applications. In cloud computing, the word cloud is used as a metaphor for â€Å"the internet†. So the cloud computing means â€Å"a type of internet-based computing†, where different services such as servers, storage and applications are delivered to an organization’s computers and devices through the internet. It allows consumers and businesses to use applications without installation and access their personal files at any computer with internet access. E.g. Yahoo mail, Gmail, Hotmail. Cloud computing is provides on-demand self-service. Service Models:- A cloud service is any resource that is provided over the internet. Service delivery in cloud computing comprises three different service models. †¢ Software-as-a-service (Saas):- Saas is the model in which an application is hosted as a service to customers who access it via the internet. E.g. Google docs, salesforce.com, CRM, ERP, email, social networking. It provides significant efficiencies in cost and delivery in exchange for minimal customization and represents a shift of operational risks from the consumer to the provider. User of Saas offering usually has neither knowledge nor control about the underlying infrastructure. †¢ Platform-as-a-service(Paas):- This kind of cloud computing provides development environment as a service. The consumer can use the middleman’s equipment to develop his own program and deliver it to the users through internet and servers. It provides a well organized and graceful approach to operate scale-out applications in a predictable and cost effective manner. The consumer controls the application that... ...tecture for scalability and availability as the public cloud but is restricted to a single organization. †¢ Community cloud:- A community cloud is controlled and used by a group of organizations that have shared interests, such as specific security requirements or a common mission. †¢ Hybrid cloud A hybrid cloud is a combination of a public and private cloud that interoperates. References:- http://cloudtweaks.com/2012/07/the-4-primary-cloud-deployment-models/ http://south.cattelecom.com/rtso/Technologies/CloudComputing/0071626948_chap01.pdf http://www.cloud-competence-center.com/understanding/cloud-computing-deployment-models/ http://www.wikinvest.com/concept/Cloud_Computing#References http://www.thbs.com/downloads/Cloud-Computing-Overview.pdf http://www.priv.gc.ca/resource/fs-fi/02_05_d_51_cc_e.pdf http://cloud.cio.gov/topics/cloud-computing-deployment-models

Compare and contrast the ways in which Thomas Hardy Essay

Hardy presents Troy’s seduction through his use of form, structure and language in order to present the bewitching nature of her courtship with Troy. I have taken a particular scene from the novel, in order to illustrate the point presented above. This scene takes place soon after Troy, a soldier, has met with Bathsheba Everdene, a stern young woman who has inherited her uncle’s farm, is to observe Troy’s sword practices. She is certain that she will not attend but not long before their meeting, Bathsheba relents and goes to see him. She is enthralled and frightened by his practises, as he comes very close to harming her with his sword. In the closing parts of the scene Troy kisses Bathsheba, and leaves her feeling quite ashamed. Hardy’s narration in this particular scene is very much focused on Bathsheba. The reader is only able to observe the movements of Troy and his speech. As a result, the reader is able to grasp Bathsheba’s enchantment whiles watching Troy. The sword practice does, in fact, enchant Bathsheba. She believes that the sword has â€Å"passed through her body,† by some sort of â€Å"magic. † She describes the swords gleaming reflection of sunlight, as if the sword itself is â€Å"greeting† her. She is enthralled by all the different types of light that it produces. The sword takes on a wand like appeal, as if Troy is casting a spell on Bathsheba and drawing her closer towards his designs upon her. His sword show evokes fear and wonderment from her, and these feelings soon lead her to fall for Troy. A sense of enchantment is also created in the courtship between Edward Sydney and Julia Wellsey, in Bronte’s â€Å"The Foundling. † On approaching Julia’s home, Sydney hears her singing in an â€Å"angelic† and â€Å"harmonious† fashion. In her song she professes her love for Sydney, and he is driven to her feet in a bout of passion after he discovers the Julia is the singer. Both Lady Julia and Troy put on a show for their objects of love. Troy’s sword show and Julia’s singing both create a sensory appeal towards their lover. However Julia’s angelic song is far more peaceful but still as attractive to Sydney, as Troy’s dangerous but beautiful sword show is to Bathsheba. On leaving Troy, Bathsheba’s feelings are engaged even more so than before. As Troy leaves, he kisses her on the mouth and this leaves Bathsheba feeling shameful. After he has kissed her, Hardy describes how â€Å"blood† is â€Å"brought beating into her face,† and it sets her â€Å"stinging as if aflame. † His description portrays Bathsheba’s passion. The active movement of the blood; the dynamic nature of his description, injects energy and passion into Bathsheba’s manner. She is described as being aflame; a common allegory for passion. Likewise in Edith Wharton’s â€Å"The Age of Innocence,† Wharton describes a â€Å"burning flush† of blood rising up Olenska’s neck. The two women- Olenska and Bathsheba- both appear stern and self-confident in their rejection of their suitors; however, they are still susceptible to passion and desire. They possess that same physical and carnal passion men have in many works of literature. In Phillip Sydney’s â€Å"The Old Arcadia,† Sydney describes Musidorus’ love for Pamela as a physical tremor in his body and likewise in D.H Lawrence’s â€Å"Lady Chaterley’s Lover,† Mellor’s feels a burning in the back of his loins, when he is approached by lady Chaterley. Their two characters can therefore represent a change in societies’ opinion of woman that came in the late Victorian period: women also have desires and through this they are made equal to men in the novels; ideals that the suffragettes upheld very much. The physical apprehension in Bathsheba’s character is also seen prior to her meeting with Troy. She changes her mind, quickly, and seeks out Troy. When reaching the pit that Troy is found, Hardy describes the way her â€Å"eyes shone and her breath went quickly. † Her physical state heightened to a tremor and her desire to meet Troy is described as temerity, therefore, the reader receives a great deal of information concerning Bathsheba’s initial desire to see Troy. The dynamic description of her physical being creates a sense of apprehension, this could not only be discerned as desire, but it may relate to a fear of what Troy plans to undertake with her, or a need to satisfy a social expectation to meet with the needs of the promise she made with him. Her anticipation for their meeting creates tension. Similarly in Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein,† her description of Frankenstein’s monster’s apprehension, that causes the scene in which he approaches De lacey to befriend him, to be made significant. These two scenes are very much significant in each of the two narratives. In Hardy’s â€Å"Far From The Madding Crowd,† this event marks the beginning of Bathsheba’s loss of reason, upon falling in love with Troy. In â€Å"Frankenstein† this event marks the uprising of the monster’s aggressive revenge against humanity, as De Lacey and his family shun him. On falling in love with Troy, Bathsheba is not only susceptible to her loss of reason but she is also vulnerable to scandal. Her decent into irrationality and scandal, is presented through Hardy’s use of setting. Initially Bathsheba is in an open space; a field that Hardy describes as having â€Å"radiant† â€Å"hues,† â€Å"untainted† in green. He describes the scenic view of the field as it is covered with â€Å"plump Diaphanous. † This place is reflective of the serenity that Bathsheba enjoys in her reason, and it also reflects the beauty of her innocence that has been untainted, like field has an untainted colour, by her suitor’s scandal. Similarly in Jane Austen’s â€Å"Pride and Prejudice,† Darcy’s estate reflects the new found beauty Elizabeth finds in his character. The natural beauty in Darcy’s estate relates to the untainted virtue that Darcy has possessed since childhood, as the natural beauty of the field relates to the innocence of Bathsheba. However, when she approaches Troy, she is unexpectedly descending into a scandal and irrationality. The pit is a place that represents Bathsheba’s enthrallment to Troy-there she is taken by Troy’s sword practice and left feeling desirous after he kisses her. She has also opened herself up to scandal through entering the pit. Troy has impregnated a girl, Fanny Robin, and Bathsheba is unaware of this. The pit is also a place of concealment. In this environment, Bathsheba and Troy are concealed away from the rest of the world, and Troy is free to practise his designs upon her, uninterrupted. The concealment of the setting reflects the concealment of Troy’s true cruelty. During their meeting, Bathsheba is completely unaware of the scandal that Troy is guilty of-he has abandoned his pregnant former lover. The pit is also a place where light is narrowly concealed. The darkness of the setting may reflect the darkness of Troy’s true character. In a similar way, in Hardy’s â€Å"Tess of the D’Urbivilles,† Alec’s rape of Tess is concealed in a dark and misty night. His deed like Troy’s seductive shows, is also concealed from the view of other characters, and as a result, both are cast in a sinister light, but Alec more so for is deed than Troy. In conclusion Hardy uses setting to reflect the descent that Bathsheba encounters physically and emotionally when she is to meet Troy. Hardy also describes Bathsheba’s apprehension when meeting Troy in order to cause their meeting to appear more significant to the reader than other scenes in the novel; a technique employed by Mary Shelley in â€Å"Frankenstein. † His description of her blood rushing, and the fire that she feels inside herself functions to describe her desire for Troy, and this also signals the beginning of Bathsheba’s reason being broken into.